- Abel, Niels (1802-1829), Norwegian; algebra
- Ahmes (about 1650 BC), Egyptian; geometry
- Aiken, Howard (1900-1973), American; computers
- Al-Khowarizmi, Muhammed (about 780-850), Arabian; algebra
- Archimedes (287-212 BC), Greek; algebra, calculus, pi
- Aristotle (384-322 BC), Greek; logic, geometry
- Celsius, Anders (1701-1744), Swedish; measurement
- Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473-1543), Polish; trigonometry
- Cray, Seymour (1925-1996), American; computers
- Descartes, Rene (1596-1650), French; coordinates
- Dodgson, Charles L. (Lewis Carroll, 1832-1898), English; logic
- Einstein, Albert (1879-1955), German; geometry, infinity
- Escher, Maurits Cornelis (1898-1971), Dutch; geometry
- Euclid (about 365-300 BC), Greek; geometry
- Fahrenheit, Gabriel (1686-1736), German; measurement
- Fermat, Pierre de (1601-1665), French; number theory
- Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777-1855), German; geometry, number theory
- Germain, Sophie (1776-1831), French; symmetry
- Hypatia (370-415), Greek; conic sections
- Kovalevsky, Sonya (1850-1891), Russian; number theory
- Leibniz, Gottfried (1646-1716), German; logic, calculus
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian; geometry
- Murasaki, Lady (about 978-1031), Japanese; combinations
- Napier, John (1550-1617), Scottish; computers, decimals
- Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727), English; algebra, calculus
- Noether, Emmy (1882-1935), German; algebra
- Oresme, Nicole (1323-1382), French; functions
- Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662), French; algebra, computers
- Ptolemy, Claudius (about 85-168), Greek; geometry
- Pythagoras (about 585-507 BC), Greek; geometry
- Romanujan, Srinivasa (1887-1920), Hindu; algebra
- Venn, John (1834-1923), English; sets
- Von Neumann, John (1903-1957), Hungarian; computers