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현대표준어로 되어 있는 북경어(北京語)의 성조도 같은 사성이지만, 평성이 음평(陰平) ·양평(陽平)으로 갈라지고, 입성이 다른 것과 합쳐진 것이다. 푸젠어[福建語]는 칠성(七聲), 광둥어[廣東語]는 구성(九聲)이다. 같은 성조라도 방언에 따라 조형이 달라지는 경우가 적지 않다.
현대표준어로 되어 있는 북경어(北京語)의 성조도 같은 사성이지만, 평성이 음평(陰平) ·양평(陽平)으로 갈라지고, 입성이 다른 것과 합쳐진 것이다. 푸젠어[福建語]는 칠성(七聲), 광둥어[廣東語]는 구성(九聲)이다. 같은 성조라도 방언에 따라 조형이 달라지는 경우가 적지 않다.
= Notable persons =
* Translators *
** Yan Fu (嚴復) - Yan Fu was a Chinese scholar and translator, most famous for introducing western ideas, including Darwin's "natural selection", to China in the late 19th century.




= Resources =
= Resources =


* [[The Mandarin Primer]]
** Audio Recording: [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_nSy-CkxLZHeqbYNJNNXfyN7KsBHMthwXs The Mandarin Primer by Yuen Ren Chao]
* [https://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/jiaguwen?kaiOrder=5398 갑골문 (甲骨文)]
* [https://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/variants/rbt/home.do Chinese Character Variants]
* [http://www.kaom.net/yayun_book8.php?wen_no=S20i 시경]  
* [http://www.kaom.net/yayun_book8.php?wen_no=S20i 시경]  
* [https://downloads.freemdict.com/%E5%B0%9A%E6%9C%AA%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86/%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/ Free Chinese MDict dictionaries]
* [https://downloads.freemdict.com/%E5%B0%9A%E6%9C%AA%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86/%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/ Free Chinese MDict dictionaries]
* [https://downloads.freemdict.com/%E5%B0%9A%E6%9C%AA%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86/%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/%E7%AE%80%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%8F%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8/ Tangut dictionary]
* [https://downloads.freemdict.com/%E5%B0%9A%E6%9C%AA%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86/%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/%E7%AE%80%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%8F%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8/ Tangut dictionary]
* [https://zh.dict.naver.com/#/zhdict/article/analysis Naver analysis]
* [https://zh.dict.naver.com/#/zhdict/article/analysis Naver analysis]
* Modern Mandarin Chinese pronunciation
** [http://maorma.net/ Chinese Tone Practice]
* Middle Chinese pronunciation
* Middle Chinese pronunciation
** [https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Polyhedron/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3#cite_ref-%E4%BF%82%E8%81%AF_1-0 Polyhedron's Middle Chinese Pronunciation]
** [https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Polyhedron/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3#cite_ref-%E4%BF%82%E8%81%AF_1-0 Polyhedron's Middle Chinese Pronunciation]
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* 서예
* 서예
** [https://qxk.bnu.edu.cn/#/dzLidaiDetail/a569f8c7-9281-4426-a988-442441b84517/%E6%99%B6/22d3af76-1ffe-46da-8c28-40e7dfe6b8d2/0 汉字研究与现代应用实]
** [https://qxk.bnu.edu.cn/#/dzLidaiDetail/a569f8c7-9281-4426-a988-442441b84517/%E6%99%B6/22d3af76-1ffe-46da-8c28-40e7dfe6b8d2/0 汉字研究与现代应用实]
* On simplified characters
** https://dixin.github.io/Etymology/simplification-of-chinese-character


= tray =
= tray =


* https://blog.daum.net/chambuta/831
* https://blog.daum.net/chambuta/831
* http://hanja.pe.kr/han_1/h1_c07.htm
* Scholars
** http://tommazanec.com/

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