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For example, "father" in English isn't exactly 파더, or 화더, but it can be accurately replicated with (up/down/right: ㅍㆆㅏ)더. In modern Korean, both Passion and Fashion are transliterated same, but with those old jamos, it's possible to differentiate between the two. In short, P/F, and L/R differentiations become possible. (left,right,right: ㄹㄹㅔ)이디오 instead of 라디오. | For example, "father" in English isn't exactly 파더, or 화더, but it can be accurately replicated with (up/down/right: ㅍㆆㅏ)더. In modern Korean, both Passion and Fashion are transliterated same, but with those old jamos, it's possible to differentiate between the two. In short, P/F, and L/R differentiations become possible. (left,right,right: ㄹㄹㅔ)이디오 instead of 라디오. | ||
There are about 410 phonemes in Chinese, and there are 11,172 phonemes in Korean, and Hangeul can differentiate between P/F & L/R with the restoration of those four jamos. | There are about 410 phonemes in Chinese, and there are 11,172 phonemes in Korean, and Hangeul can differentiate between P/F & L/R with the restoration of those four jamos. Modern Mandarin and pinyin-based charts are by Lee Hyeon Jun. | ||
According to 東國正韻 Korean pronunciation of Hanja tends to be "fast, and small, and soft" (or abbreviated), and Chinese pronunciations are "slow, and large, and rough/thick." | According to 東國正韻 Korean pronunciation of Hanja tends to be "fast, and small, and soft" (or abbreviated), and Chinese pronunciations are "slow, and large, and rough/thick." | ||
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== Law of consonants == | == Law of consonants == | ||
A conversion chart | A conversion chart | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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大蝦 대하 -> 따씨아 | 大蝦 대하 -> 따씨아 | ||
== Law of vowels == | |||
Vowels in Chinese are "slow and large" | |||
Koreans tend to abbreviate sounds. | |||
Examples: | |||
아이 -> 애 | |||
사이 -> 새 | |||
반기어 -> 반겨 | |||
되었다 -> 됐다 | |||
금시에 -> 금세 | |||
당초에 -> 당최 | |||
새각씨 -> 색시 | |||
헐하다 -> 다 | |||
생원님 -> 샌님 | |||
석류황 -> 성냥 | |||
Chinese tend to unpack the sounds. | |||
ㅐ -> ㅏ 이 | |||
Examples: | |||
愛 애 -> 아이 | |||
在 재 -> 짜이 | |||
开 개 -> 카이 | |||
海 해 -> 하이 | |||
來 래 -> 라이 | |||
太 태 -> 타이 | |||
快 쾌 -> 콰이 | |||
菜 채 -> 차이 | |||
待 대 -> 타이 | |||
賣買/买卖 매매 -> 마이마이 | |||
ㅗ -> ㅏ오 | |||
毛 모 -> 마오 | |||
好 호 -> 하오 | |||
道 도 -> 따오 | |||
保 보 -> 빠오 | |||
要, 高, 草, 老, etc. | |||
ㅗ -> ㅜ | |||
smaller to greater, e.g. in Korean, 촐랑촐랑 < 출렁출렁; 몰랑몰랑 < 물렁물렁; 소곤소곤 < 수군수군 | |||
Chinese tend to be "larger" therefore, sounds are converted to ㅜ | |||
午 오 -> 우 | |||
初 초 -> 추 | |||
路 로 -> 루 | |||
固 고 -> 구 | |||
苦 고 -> 쿠 | |||
損 손 -> 쑨 | |||
圖書館 도서관 -> 투슈꾸안 | |||
ㅕ -> ㅣ | |||
In North Korean dialect, 평양 (Pyeongyang) is pronounced closer to 핑양, because it's closer to Chinese pronunciation. Chinese also can't pronounce ㅕ very well. | |||
歡迎 환영 -> 환잉 | |||
明洞 명동 -> 밍똥 | |||
明天 명천 -> 밍티앤 | |||
平和 평화 -> 핑허 | |||
零 령 -> 링 | |||
命令 명령 -> 밍링 | |||
警 景 經 京 境 경 -> 찡 | |||
ㅏ -> ㅡ (which is larger? 살금살금 < 슬금슬금, following the stated principle, Chinese tend to use ㅡ) | |||
士 事 史 師 사 -> 쓰 | |||
四肢 사지 -> 쓰즤 | |||
從事 종사 -> 총쓰 | |||
字 자 -> 쯔 | |||
ㅎ -> ㅣ | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! style="text-align:left;"| 中 pinyin | |||
! 韓 | |||
! conversion chart | |||
! examples | |||
|- | |||
|zh | |||
|ㅉ ㅎ | |||
|ㅉ ㅎ ㅓ -> ㅉ + ㅣ + ㅓ = 쪄<br>ㅉㅎㅗ->ㅉ+ㅣ+ㅗ=쬬<br>ㅉ ㅎ ㅡ -> ㅉ + ㅣ + ㅡ = 쯰 | |||
|折 (zhe) ㅈ허 -> 쪄<br>重 (zhong) ㅈ홍 - 쭁<br>只(zhi) ㅈ흐 - 쯰 | |||
|- | |||
|ch | |||
|ㅊ ㅎ | |||
|ㅊㅎ ㅏ -> ㅊ + ㅣ + ㅏ = 챠<br>ㅊ ㅎ ㅓ -> ㅊ + ㅣ + ㅓ = 쳐<br>ㅊ ㅎ ㅡ -> ㅊ + ㅣ + ㅡ = 츼 | |||
|场 (chang) ㅊ 항 - 챵<br>车 (che) ㅊ허 - 쳐<br>迟 (chi) ㅊ흐 - 츼 | |||
|} | |||
== Law of final consonants == | |||
There are only ㄴ or ㅇ final consonants in Chinese. So just remove any final consonants except for ㄴ or ㅇ. Hunminjeongeum already explained the reasons why language eventually gets left with ㄴ and ㅇ ending sounds (fire & water sounds per 五行 explanation in Huminjeongeum), and it is true with Mandarin, where many groups of people have linguistic contacts with each other. | |||
Examples: | |||
出發 출발 -> 츄(up, down, right: ㅍㅇㅏ) | |||
1 일 -> 이 | |||
6 육 -> 류 | |||
7 칠 -> 치 | |||
8 팔 -> 파 | |||
必須 필수 -> 삐쒸 | |||
警察 경찰 -> 찡챠 | |||
雜 잡 -> 짜 | |||
哈 합 -> 하 | |||
拉 랍 -> 라 | |||
垃 랄 -> 라 | |||
歷史 역사 -> 리쓰 | |||
ㅁ -> ㄴ | |||
林 림 -> 린 | |||
南 남 -> 난 | |||
三 삼 -> 산 | |||
暫 잠 -> 짠 | |||
暗 암 -> 안 | |||
心痛 심통 -> 씬통 | |||
擔當 담당 -> 딴땅 | |||
感動 감동 -> 깐똥 | |||
愛心 애심 -> 아이씬 | |||
暫時 잠시 -> 짠 | |||
海南 해남 -> 하이난 | |||
包含 포함 -> 빠오한 | |||
ㄴ -> ㅣ앤 | |||
变 변 -> 삐엔 | |||
間 간 -> 찌앤 | |||
面 면 -> 미앤 | |||
天 천 -> 티앤 | |||
缏 편 -> 삐앤 | |||
戰, 蓮, 見, 原, 現, 年, etc. |