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→Classical Music (古樂, 고악)
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*** Court music (雅楽, 아악, gagaku) | *** Court music (雅楽, 아악, gagaku) | ||
**** [[sokyoku|sokyoku (箏曲, 쟁곡)]] | **** [[sokyoku|sokyoku (箏曲, 쟁곡)]] | ||
* East Asian Music (極東樂, 극동악) | |||
** Theoretical Foundations and Historical Contexts | |||
*** [[Yayue|Yayue (雅樂)]] – Ancient Chinese court music tradition that influenced other East Asian court musics | |||
*** [[Yinyue Lilun|Chinese music theory (音樂理論)]] – Pentatonic scales (gong, shang, jue, zhi, yu), 12 lu (十二律), Confucian music philosophy | |||
*** [[Aak|Aak (雅樂 아악)]] – Korean ceremonial court music derived from Chinese yayue | |||
*** [[Gagaku|Gagaku (雅楽 가가쿠)]] – Japanese imperial court music, also influenced by Chinese yayue and Korean aak traditions | |||
** Korea (韓國, 한국) | |||
*** Court and Aristocratic Music (정악, Jeongak) | |||
**** [[Aak|Aak (雅樂 아악)]] – Confucian shrine and royal ancestral ritual music | |||
**** [[Dangak (唐樂)|Dangak]] – Court music of Tang Chinese origin | |||
**** [[Hyangak (鄕樂)|Hyangak]] – Native Korean court music | |||
**** [[Yeominrak (與民樂)|Yeominrak]] – A representative piece of Korean royal court music | |||
**** [[Sujechon (壽齊天)|Sujecheon]] – Famous instrumental piece of Korean court music | |||
*** Literati and Chamber Music | |||
**** [[Gagok (歌曲)|Gagok]] – Lyrical, refined vocal music accompanied by traditional chamber ensemble | |||
**** [[Jeongga (正歌)|Jeongga]] – General term for refined vocal music of the upper classes | |||
*** Folk-Based Classical Forms | |||
**** [[Pansori (판소리)|Pansori]] – Narrative singing accompanied by a drum, elevated to a classical art form | |||
**** [[Sanjo (산조)|Sanjo]] – Instrumental solo accompanied by drum, considered a pinnacle of Korean classical instrumental music | |||
*** Instruments (관악기/현악기/타악기) | |||
**** String Instruments | |||
***** [[Gayageum (伽倻琴, 가야금)|Gayageum]] – 12-string zither | |||
***** [[Geomungo (玄琴, 거문고)|Geomungo]] – 6-string zither with a deeper sound | |||
***** [[Haegum (奚琴, 해금)|Haegum]] – Two-stringed vertical fiddle | |||
**** Wind Instruments | |||
***** [[Daegeum (大琴, 대금)|Daegeum]] – Large transverse bamboo flute with a buzzing membrane | |||
***** [[Piri (필리)|Piri]] – Double-reed bamboo oboe-like instrument | |||
***** [[Taepyeongso (太平簫, 태평소)|Taepyeongso]] – Loud double-reed conical oboe | |||
**** Percussion Instruments | |||
***** [[Janggu (장구)|Janggu]] – Hourglass-shaped drum | |||
***** [[Buk (북)|Buk]] – Barrel drum | |||
***** [[Kkwaenggwari (꽹과리)|Kkwaenggwari]] – Small handheld gong | |||
***** [[Jing (징)|Jing]] – Larger gong | |||
** China (中國, 중국) | |||
*** Court and Ritual Music | |||
**** [[Yayue (雅樂)|Yayue]] – Elegant music performed in imperial courts and Confucian temples | |||
**** [[Zhou and Han ritual music]] – Early dynastic ceremonial music forming the foundation of Chinese classical tradition | |||
*** Scholarly and Literati Traditions | |||
**** [[Guqin (古琴, 고금)|Guqin]] – Seven-string fretless zither associated with scholars, Confucians, Daoists | |||
**** [[Guqin repertoire]] – Known for ancient pieces like “Guangling San”, “Flowing Water (Liu Shui)” | |||
*** Regional Classical Operas and Genres (Seen as part of classical tradition) | |||
**** [[Kunqu (崑曲)|Kunqu Opera]] – One of the oldest extant forms of Chinese opera, highly refined | |||
**** [[Peking Opera (京劇)|Jingju]] – Classical Beijing opera (though more recent, still rooted in classical traditions) | |||
*** Instrumental Traditions | |||
**** String Instruments (Plucked) | |||
***** [[Guzheng (古箏, 고쟁)|Guzheng]] – 21-string zither with movable bridges | |||
***** [[Pipa (琵琶, 비파)|Pipa]] – Pear-shaped lute | |||
***** [[Ruan (阮)|Ruan]] – Moon-shaped lute | |||
***** [[Sanxian (三弦)|Sanxian]] – Three-stringed fretless lute | |||
***** [[Liuqin (柳琴)|Liuqin]] – Small mandolin-like lute | |||
**** Bowed String Instruments | |||
***** [[Erhu (二胡)|Erhu]] – Two-stringed fiddle widely used in classical and folk styles | |||
***** [[Zhonghu (中胡)|Zhonghu]] – Lower-pitched cousin of the erhu | |||
***** [[Gaohu (高胡)|Gaohu]] – Higher-pitched fiddle used in Cantonese music | |||
**** Wind Instruments | |||
***** [[Xiao (簫)|Xiao]] – End-blown bamboo flute | |||
***** [[Dizi (笛子)|Dizi]] – Transverse bamboo flute with a membrane hole | |||
***** [[Sheng (笙)|Sheng]] – Free-reed mouth organ | |||
***** [[Suona (嗩吶)|Suona]] – Loud double-reed horn | |||
***** [[Guan (管)|Guan]] – Cylindrical double-reed pipe | |||
**** Percussion Instruments | |||
***** [[Bianzhong (編鐘)|Bianzhong]] – Bronze chime bells of ancient China | |||
***** [[Bianqing (編磬)|Bianqing]] – Chime stones | |||
***** Gongs, cymbals, drums (Tanggu, Daluo, Xiaoluo), and clappers forming classical percussion ensembles | |||
** Japan (日本, 일본) | |||
*** Court and Ritual Music (雅楽, Gagaku) | |||
**** [[Gagaku (雅楽, 아악)|Gagaku]] – Imperial court music tradition including: | |||
***** [[Bugaku|Bugaku]] – Court dance music | |||
***** [[Kuniburi no Utamai]] – Indigenous Shinto ritual songs and dances | |||
**** Instruments of Gagaku | |||
***** [[Shō (笙)|Shō]] – Free-reed mouth organ | |||
***** [[Hichiriki (篳篥)|Hichiriki]] – Short double-reed pipe | |||
***** [[Ryūteki (龍笛)|Ryūteki]] – Transverse bamboo flute | |||
***** [[Biwa (琵琶)|Biwa]] – Four-stringed lute used in court music (Gaku-biwa) | |||
***** [[Koto (箏)|Koto]] – 13-string zither used in gagaku and later chamber music | |||
***** [[Taiko (太鼓)|Taiko]] – Drums of various sizes for court and shrine music | |||
*** Buddhist Chanting and Sacred Music | |||
**** [[Shōmyō (声明)|Shōmyō]] – Buddhist liturgical chanting | |||
*** Theatre and Vocal Music | |||
**** [[Noh (能)|Noh theatre music]] – Subtle ensemble of flute and drums accompanying chanted drama | |||
**** [[Heikyoku (平曲)|Heikyoku]] – Biwa-accompanied recitation of The Tale of the Heike | |||
*** Chamber Music and Artistic Genres | |||
**** [[Sankyoku (三曲)|Sankyoku]] – Ensemble of koto, shamisen, and shakuhachi | |||
**** [[Sokyoku (箏曲, 쟁곡)|Sokyoku]] – Koto music, often combined with shamisen and voice | |||
**** [[Shakuhachi (尺八)|Shakuhachi]] – End-blown bamboo flute, linked to Zen meditation (komusō monks) | |||
**** [[Shamisen (三味線)|Shamisen]] – Three-stringed lute used in a range of classical genres (Jiuta, Nagauta) | |||
**** [[Gidayū-bushi|Gidayū-bushi]] – Chanted narrative style for Bunraku puppet theatre | |||
** Other East Asian Traditions | |||
*** Mongolian Court and Classical Music | |||
**** [[Möngke tngri-yin üsüg|Historical Mongolian liturgical and court songs]] – Oral tradition preserved in Mongol royal courts | |||
**** [[Morin Khuur (馬頭琴)|Morin Khuur]] – Horse-head fiddle, iconic Mongolian bowed instrument | |||
**** [[Long Song (Urtyn Duu)|Urtyn Duu]] – Ancient form of Mongolian extended vocal performance with wide vocal range | |||
*** Ryukyuan/Okinawan Court Music | |||
**** [[Ryūkyūan court music]] – Classical tradition influenced by both Japanese gagaku and Chinese court music | |||
**** [[Sanshin (三線)|Sanshin]] – Three-stringed lute used in classical Ryukyuan music | |||
*** Influences in Vietnam (While culturally closer to Southeast Asia, historically influenced by Chinese music theory) | |||
**** [[Nha Nhac (雅樂)|Nhã nhạc]] – Vietnamese court music of the Huế court, influenced by Chinese yayue | |||
**** [[Dan Tranh (箏)|Đàn tranh]] – Zither similar to the guzheng/koto | |||
**** [[Dan Bau (單弦)|Đàn bầu]] – Monochord instrument with subtle tonal inflections | |||
** Additional Classical Themes and Genres | |||
*** Ritual and Ancestral Ceremonies | |||
**** Confucian temple music in China, Korea, Vietnam | |||
**** Shinto shrine kagura performances in Japan | |||
*** Scholarly and Solo Repertoires | |||
**** Guqin solo repertoire (China) | |||
**** Geomungo sanjo and gayageum sanjo (Korea) | |||
**** Shakuhachi honkyoku pieces (Japan) | |||
*** Ensemble and Orchestral Traditions | |||
**** Jingju orchestra (China) | |||
**** Gagaku orchestra (Japan) | |||
**** Jeongak court ensemble (Korea) | |||
** Music Notation Systems | |||
*** [[Gongchepu (工尺譜)|Gongchepu]] – Chinese traditional notation | |||
*** [[Jeongganbo (井間譜)|Jeongganbo]] – Korean notation system for pitches and rhythms | |||
*** [[Kunkunshi (工工四)|Kunkunshi]] – Ryukyuan/Okinawan koto and sanshin notation | |||
*** Various mnemonic and oral transmission techniques in Noh, gagaku, and qin playing | |||
== Traditional Medicine (古醫書, 고의서) == | == Traditional Medicine (古醫書, 고의서) == | ||