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Classical Literature (古典文學 고전문학)

East Asian Confucian Classics (東洋儒敎古文 동양유교고문)

Other East Asian Classics (東亞古典 동아고전)

Western Classics (西洋古典 서양고전)

South Asian or Indian Classics (남아시아 또는 인도 고전)

Middle Eastern Classics (중동 고전)

African Classics (아프리카 고전)

Mesoamerican and South American Classics (메소아메리카 및 남아메리카 고전)

Classical Islamic World and Central Asia (이슬람 세계 및 중앙아시아 고전)

Classical Russian and Eastern European Traditions (러시아 및 동유럽 고전)

Oceanian Classics (오세아니아 또는 대양주 고전)

Classical Southeast Asian Literature (동남아 고전)


Notes

Classical Education/Arts (古藝, 고예)

Eastern (東)

Western (西)

  • Liberal arts education since Boethius (보이티우스 (또는 보에티우스) 이후의 교양교육)
    • Trivium (三學, 삼학)
      • Grammar (文法, 문법)
      • Logic (論理學, 논리학)
      • Rhetoric (修辭學, 수사학)
    • Quadrivium (四科, 사과)
      • Arithmetic; abstractions
      • Geometry; spatial
      • Music; time
      • Astronomy; spacetime
    • Advanced (高等敎育, 고등교육)
      • Theology (神學, 신학)
      • Philosophy (哲學, 철학)
  • Modern liberal arts education
    • Arts (fine arts, music, performing arts, literature)
    • Philosophy
    • Religious studies
    • Social science (anthropology, geography, history, jurisprudence, linguistics, political science, psychology, sociology)
    • Mathematics
    • Natural Sciences (biology, chemistry, physics, astronomy, earth sciences)

Classical Music (古樂, 고악)

  • East Asian Music (極東樂, 극동악)
    • Theoretical Foundations and Historical Contexts
    • Korea (韓國, 한국)
      • Court and Aristocratic Music (정악, Jeongak)
        • Aak (雅樂 아악) – Confucian shrine and royal ancestral ritual music
        • Dangak – Court music of Tang Chinese origin
        • Hyangak – Native Korean court music
        • Yeominrak – A representative piece of Korean royal court music
        • Sujecheon – Famous instrumental piece of Korean court music
      • Literati and Chamber Music
        • Gagok – Lyrical, refined vocal music accompanied by traditional chamber ensemble
        • Jeongga – General term for refined vocal music of the upper classes
      • Folk-Based Classical Forms
        • Pansori – Narrative singing accompanied by a drum, elevated to a classical art form
        • Sanjo – Instrumental solo accompanied by drum, considered a pinnacle of Korean classical instrumental music
      • Instruments (관악기/현악기/타악기)
        • String Instruments
        • Wind Instruments
          • Daegeum – Large transverse bamboo flute with a buzzing membrane
          • Piri – Double-reed bamboo oboe-like instrument
          • Taepyeongso – Loud double-reed conical oboe
        • Percussion Instruments
    • China (中國, 중국)
      • Court and Ritual Music
        • Yayue – Elegant music performed in imperial courts and Confucian temples
        • Zhou and Han ritual music – Early dynastic ceremonial music forming the foundation of Chinese classical tradition
      • Scholarly and Literati Traditions
        • Guqin (古琴, 고금) – Seven-string fretless zither associated with scholars, Confucians, Daoists
        • Guqin repertoire – Known for ancient pieces like “Guangling San”, “Flowing Water (Liu Shui)”
      • Regional Classical Operas and Genres (Seen as part of classical tradition)
        • Kunqu Opera – One of the oldest extant forms of Chinese opera, highly refined
        • Jingju – Classical Beijing opera (though more recent, still rooted in classical traditions)
      • Instrumental Traditions
        • String Instruments (Plucked)
        • Bowed String Instruments
          • Erhu – Two-stringed fiddle widely used in classical and folk styles
          • Zhonghu – Lower-pitched cousin of the erhu
          • Gaohu – Higher-pitched fiddle used in Cantonese music
        • Wind Instruments
          • Xiao – End-blown bamboo flute
          • Dizi – Transverse bamboo flute with a membrane hole
          • Sheng – Free-reed mouth organ
          • Suona – Loud double-reed horn
          • Guan – Cylindrical double-reed pipe
        • Percussion Instruments
          • Bianzhong – Bronze chime bells of ancient China
          • Bianqing – Chime stones
          • Gongs, cymbals, drums (Tanggu, Daluo, Xiaoluo), and clappers forming classical percussion ensembles
    • Japan (日本, 일본)
      • Court and Ritual Music (雅楽, Gagaku)
        • Gagaku – Imperial court music tradition including:
        • Instruments of Gagaku
          • Shō – Free-reed mouth organ
          • Hichiriki – Short double-reed pipe
          • Ryūteki – Transverse bamboo flute
          • Biwa – Four-stringed lute used in court music (Gaku-biwa)
          • Koto – 13-string zither used in gagaku and later chamber music
          • Taiko – Drums of various sizes for court and shrine music
      • Buddhist Chanting and Sacred Music
        • Shōmyō – Buddhist liturgical chanting
      • Theatre and Vocal Music
        • Noh theatre music – Subtle ensemble of flute and drums accompanying chanted drama
        • Heikyoku – Biwa-accompanied recitation of The Tale of the Heike
      • Chamber Music and Artistic Genres
        • Sankyoku – Ensemble of koto, shamisen, and shakuhachi
        • Sokyoku (箏曲, 쟁곡) – Koto music, often combined with shamisen and voice
        • Shakuhachi – End-blown bamboo flute, linked to Zen meditation (komusō monks)
        • Shamisen – Three-stringed lute used in a range of classical genres (Jiuta, Nagauta)
        • Gidayū-bushi – Chanted narrative style for Bunraku puppet theatre
    • Other East Asian Traditions
      • Mongolian Court and Classical Music
      • Ryukyuan/Okinawan Court Music
        • Ryūkyūan court music – Classical tradition influenced by both Japanese gagaku and Chinese court music
        • Sanshin – Three-stringed lute used in classical Ryukyuan music
      • Influences in Vietnam (While culturally closer to Southeast Asia, historically influenced by Chinese music theory)
        • Nhã nhạc – Vietnamese court music of the Huế court, influenced by Chinese yayue
        • Đàn tranh – Zither similar to the guzheng/koto
        • Đàn bầu – Monochord instrument with subtle tonal inflections
    • Additional Classical Themes and Genres
      • Ritual and Ancestral Ceremonies
        • Confucian temple music in China, Korea, Vietnam
        • Shinto shrine kagura performances in Japan
      • Scholarly and Solo Repertoires
        • Guqin solo repertoire (China)
        • Geomungo sanjo and gayageum sanjo (Korea)
        • Shakuhachi honkyoku pieces (Japan)
      • Ensemble and Orchestral Traditions
        • Jingju orchestra (China)
        • Gagaku orchestra (Japan)
        • Jeongak court ensemble (Korea)
    • Music Notation Systems
      • Gongchepu – Chinese traditional notation
      • Jeongganbo – Korean notation system for pitches and rhythms
      • Kunkunshi – Ryukyuan/Okinawan koto and sanshin notation
      • Various mnemonic and oral transmission techniques in Noh, gagaku, and qin playing

Traditional Medicine (古醫書, 고의서)

Traditional Architecture (古建築, 고건축/전통건축)

Language Learning

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Ministry

Miscellaneous

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